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Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint damage [1]. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid complications [2]. Advances in biotechnology have allowed the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of personalized treatments. Aim: To compile and critically analyze scientific literature on the most recent advances in the identification of new therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: Literature was reviewed in PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar (2010-2023) using terms such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Biomarkers and Pharmacogenomics. Results: Traditional biomarkers have limitations in specificity and sensitivity. Approaches based on non-coding RNA (circular, micro and long) have improved diagnosis and monitoring. Also, new hematological indices, such as the Systemic Immuno-inflammation Index, more accurately reflect inflammatory activity. Pharmacogenomics allows personalizing antirheumatic treatments according to genetic variations, optimizing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Conclusion: The conclusions of this review highlight that there is ongoing research into new proposals for accessible and accurate biomarkers that can provide early diagnoses; however, these still require a process of follow-up and clinical validation.
References
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