Practical guide for semen evaluation

Abstract

Semen analysis is an essential laboratory test in the evaluation of infertility for the study of male genital diseases and other diseases such as those caused by exposure to chemicals, environmental factors and drugs. Semen analysis includes assessing sperm, seminal plasma and the presence of other cells such as leukocytes and germ line cells. This analysis provides important information on the process of spermatogenesis, sperm function and function of annex glands. This analysis includes both a macroscopic examination (color, appearance, viscosity, liquefaction and volume of semen) and a microscopic examination (sperm count, motility, morphology and vitality). A rigorous quality control should also be made to ensure the reproducibility of the results and minimize inter- and intra-observer errors. This guide provides the essential guidelines to conduct a proper assessment of human semen according to the regulations of the World Health Organization.